Quick answer: Chemotherapy waste disposal in the USA requires strict segregation based on drug concentration. Trace chemotherapy waste (less than 3% residual weight; empty IVs, tubing, PPE) goes into yellow rigid containers for high-temperature medical incineration. Bulk chemotherapy waste (greater than 3% residue, unused vials, spill cleanups) is classified as RCRA hazardous waste and must go into black rigid containers for EPA-licensed hazardous waste disposal Chemotherapy